Christ the King Centre for Learning secondary school in Knowsley, Merseyside
Christ the King Centre for Learning secondary school in Knowsley, Merseyside
The effects of the building frame on operational and embodied carbon are as follows:
- Relative to the structural steel frame supporting pre-cast concrete floor slabs base case, an in-situ reinforced concrete structure building has a higher (11%) carbon footprint (embodied carbon impact) and a steel composite structure has a marginally (3%) lower impact. Making the steel composite design have the lowest embodied energy
- In addition, the impact of the frame on the operational carbon emissions of the school building was found to be small, the Building Emissions Rate varying by less than 1% between the lightweight (steel) and heavyweight (concrete) structural options considered.
In order to achieve the 2010 Part L compliance target (of reducing operational carbon emissions by 25%) oa package of energy efficiency measures such improved air tightness (3m³/m²/hr @50Pa) and efficient lighting are required with an increased capital cost of just 0.14% set against a base case construction cost of £22.5m. This package of measures has a negative 25-year net present value (NPV) and therefore it is recommended that they should be adopted in all new school buildings.
The maximum on-site derived operational carbon emission reductions of 119% of regulated emissions (against a target of 124% for true zero carbon performance), can only be achieved using a package of energy efficiency measures, a 50kW wind turbine, 1300 m² photovoltaics, biomass boiler and 216 m² solar thermal panels. These measures incur an increased capital cost of 11.5%, which have a positive 25-year net present value (NPV).
To achieve economic true zero carbon performance requires the integration of off-site LZC technologies such as tapping into a district CHP plant
The capital cost to improve the BREEAM rating of the base case study school building was:
- 0.2% to achieve BREEAM Very Good
- 0.7% to achieve BREEAM Excellent
- 5.8% to achieve BREEAM Outstanding.
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